Liability coverage (required in most states) pays for damage you cause to others. State minimums are dangerously low — most experts recommend at least 100/300/100 ($100K per person, $300K per accident bodily injury, $100K property damage).
Collision coverage pays to repair your car after an accident, regardless of fault. Required if your car is financed or leased.
Comprehensive coverage covers non-collision damage: theft, hail, flooding, animal strikes, vandalism. Also required for financed/leased vehicles.
Uninsured/underinsured motorist (UM/UIM) coverage protects you when the at-fault driver has no or insufficient insurance. About 14% of drivers are uninsured nationally.
Personal injury protection (PIP) or MedPay covers medical expenses for you and passengers regardless of fault.